Detailed Case Information - CR20-0976

Case Description: CR20-0976 - STATE VS. TODD JULIUS HEISKANEN (TN) (D1)

Filing Date: 03/25/2020

Case Type: CR - CRIMINAL

Status: Case Disposed

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Case Parties

Seq No. Type Name
3 DEFT - Defendant HEISKANEN (TN), TODD JULIUS
4 PLTF - Plaintiff STATE OF NEVADA,
5 JUDG - Judge DRAKULICH, KATHLEEN
6 DA - District Attorney Merchant, Esq., Aziz Neal
7 DATY - Attorney - Deft/Adverse/Resp Doyle, Esq., Roger S.
8 PNP - Parole & Probation Parole & Probation, Div. of
15 DATY - Attorney - Deft/Adverse/Resp Butko, Esq., Karla
16 DA - District Attorney Noble, Esq., Jennifer P.

Reference Numbers

Reference Number
1. DA203765
2. PCNWASO0051834C
3. RCR2020107056
4. SCN 84961
5. WCSOWC20001367

Event Information

Date/Time Hearing Judge Event Description Outcome
1. 06/09/2022 at 9:00 AM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H808 - SENTENCING
D765 - Sentenced filed on: 06/09/2022
Extra Text:
2. 06/02/2022 at 9:00 AM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H808 - SENTENCING
D844 - Vacated-Reset filed on: 05/10/2022
Extra Text:
3. 03/07/2022 at 9:00 AM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H852 - TRIAL - JURY
D845 - Vacated filed on: 02/15/2022
Extra Text: JURY TRIAL 03/07/2022 VACATED PURSUANT TO CHANGE OF PLEA HEARING HELD 02/15/2022
4. 02/16/2022 at 4:00 PM Honorable LYNNE JONES H536 - MOTION TO CONFIRM TRIAL
D872 - Vacated-Set for COP filed on: 01/27/2022
Extra Text:
5. 02/15/2022 at 9:00 AM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H184 - CHANGE OF PLEA
D655 - Pled Guilty filed on: 02/15/2022
Extra Text: INFORMATION JURY TRIAL 03/07/2022 VACATED
6. 08/23/2021 at 9:00 AM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H852 - TRIAL - JURY
D855 - Vacated - Counsel to Reset filed on: 05/06/2021
Extra Text: 8/23/21 TRIAL VACATED (SEE ORDER ISSUED 5/6/21)
7. 08/04/2021 at 4:00 PM Honorable SCOTT FREEMAN H536 - MOTION TO CONFIRM TRIAL
D855 - Vacated - Counsel to Reset filed on: 05/06/2021
Extra Text: 8/4/21 MTC VACATED (SEE ORDER ISSUED 5/6/21)
8. 11/12/2020 at 3:00 PM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H160 - ARRAIGNMENT
D725 - Pled Not Guilty filed on: 11/12/2020
Extra Text: TO THE INFORMATION; COUNSEL TO SCHEDULE TRIAL WITH JURY COMMISSIONER
9. 11/05/2020 at 3:00 PM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H160 - ARRAIGNMENT
D875 - Vacated Court/Counsel Notified filed on: 10/20/2020
Extra Text: RESET TO 11/12/20 AT 3:00 P.M. BY THE COURT, DUE TO THE D1 CALENDAR.
10. 10/15/2020 at 3:00 PM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H160 - ARRAIGNMENT
D870 - Vacated - Stipulation & Ord filed on: 09/28/2020
Extra Text:
11. 10/01/2020 at 3:00 PM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H160 - ARRAIGNMENT
D875 - Vacated Court/Counsel Notified filed on: 09/21/2020
Extra Text: MATTER CONTD BY THE COURT DUE TO TIME RESTRAINTS TO 10/15/20.
12. 08/27/2020 at 3:00 PM Honorable KATHLEEN DRAKULICH H160 - ARRAIGNMENT
D870 - Vacated - Stipulation & Ord filed on: 08/24/2020
Extra Text:

Docket Entry Information

Docket Description Date Filed Extra Text
1. 4134 - Supreme Court Order Affirming 04/13/2023 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - ORDER OF AFFIRMANCE - Transaction 9611837 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 04-13-2023:14:38:58
2. 4111 - Supreme Ct Clk's Cert & Judg 04/13/2023 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - CLERK'S CERTIFICATE & JUDGMENT - Transaction 9611837 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 04-13-2023:14:38:58
3. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 04/13/2023 Extra Text: Transaction 9611840 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 04-13-2023:14:39:36
4. 4145 - Supreme Court Remittitur 04/13/2023 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - REMITTITUR - Transaction 9611837 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 04-13-2023:14:38:58
5. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 03/27/2023 Extra Text: Transaction 9579878 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 03-27-2023:14:29:08
6. 4134 - Supreme Court Order Affirming 03/27/2023 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - ORDER OF AFFIRMANCE - Transaction 9579874 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 03-27-2023:14:28:28
7. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 01/11/2023 Extra Text: Transaction 9450239 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-11-2023:09:43:59
8. 4133 - Supreme Court Notice 01/11/2023 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - NOTICE OF TRANSFER TO COURT OF APPEALS - Transaction 9450233 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-11-2023:09:42:58
9. 4129 - Supreme Ct Order Granting ... 11/21/2022 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO TRANSMIT PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION REPORT - Transaction 9371924 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-21-2022:09:22:14
10. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/21/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9372223 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-21-2022:10:38:10
11. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/21/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9371933 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-21-2022:09:23:11
12. 1350 - Certificate of Clerk 11/21/2022 Extra Text: CERTIFICATE OF CLERK AND TRANSMITTAL - PSI - Transaction 9372222 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-21-2022:10:37:30
13. 4185 - Transcript 07/31/2022 Extra Text: Change of Plea 2-15-22 - Transaction 9179303 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-31-2022:16:47:37
14. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 07/31/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9179304 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-31-2022:16:48:17
15. 4185 - Transcript 07/26/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9171375 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-26-2022:18:31:21
16. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 07/26/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9171377 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-26-2022:18:32:02
17. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 07/14/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9148173 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-14-2022:09:45:45
18. 3000 - Ord Trial Transcript/Public$ 07/14/2022 Extra Text: ORDER FOR TRANSCRIPTS AT COUNTY EXPENSE - Transaction 9148170 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-14-2022:09:45:08
19. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 07/07/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9137324 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-07-2022:14:55:35
20. 1188 - Supreme Court Receipt for Doc 07/07/2022 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - RECEIPT FOR DOCUMENTS - Transaction 9137314 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 07-07-2022:14:54:28
21. 1187 - **Supreme Court Case No. ... 07/05/2022 Extra Text: SUPREME COURT NO. 84961 - HEISKANEN
22. 2230 - Mtn Trial Trans. Public Exp 06/29/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9124022 - Approved By: AZAMORA : 06-29-2022:11:18:23
23. 1350 - Certificate of Clerk 06/29/2022 Extra Text: CERTIFICATE OF CLERK AND TRANSMITTAL - NOTICE OF APPEAL - Transaction 9124275 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-29-2022:11:47:07
24. 1310 - Case Appeal Statement 06/29/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9124022 - Approved By: AZAMORA : 06-29-2022:11:18:23
25. 2515 - Notice of Appeal Supreme Court 06/29/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9124022 - Approved By: AZAMORA : 06-29-2022:11:18:23
26. 2520 - Notice of Appearance 06/29/2022 Extra Text: COUNSEL FOR DIRECT APPEAL - KARLA BUTKO ESQ FOR TODD HEISKANEN - Transaction 9124022 - Approved By: AZAMORA : 06-29-2022:11:18:23
27. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/29/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9124091 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-29-2022:11:21:16
28. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/29/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9124281 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-29-2022:11:47:49
29. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/22/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9113216 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-22-2022:16:51:26
30. MIN - ***Minutes 06/22/2022 Extra Text: 6/9/2022 - SENTENCING - Transaction 9113215 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-22-2022:16:50:46
31. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/15/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9102553 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-15-2022:17:08:09
32. 4185 - Transcript 06/15/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9102551 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-15-2022:17:07:29
33. EXON - **Cash Bail/Bond Exonerated 06/09/2022 Extra Text:
34. 1695 - ** Exhibit(s) ... 06/09/2022 Extra Text: EXHIBITS 1 AND 2 FILED UNDER NOTICE ON FEBRUARY 18, 2022 WERE ADMITTED.
35. 1850 - Judgment of Conviction 06/09/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9092507 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-09-2022:15:15:30
36. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/09/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9092512 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-09-2022:15:18:06
37. COLL - Sent to Collections 06/09/2022 Extra Text: 09-JUN-2022
38. 1476 - Current Supervision for this Case 06/02/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9079246 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-02-2022:10:59:45
39. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 06/02/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9079247 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 06-02-2022:11:00:17
40. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/26/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9068830 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-26-2022:09:54:20
41. 1930 - Letters ... 05/26/2022 Extra Text: SENTENCING – MITIGATION DOCUMENTS - Transaction 9068825 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-26-2022:09:53:41
42. 4500 - PSI - Confidential 05/19/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9057329 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-19-2022:13:41:00
43. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/19/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9057333 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-19-2022:13:41:29
44. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/10/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9041171 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-10-2022:14:40:11
45. 1250E - Application for Setting eFile 05/10/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 9041164 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-10-2022:14:39:10
46. 2610 - Notice ... 02/18/2022 Extra Text: NOTICE OF CERTIFIED COPIES OF PRIOR CONVICTIONS - Transaction 8906235 - Approved By: YVILORIA : 02-18-2022:13:35:51
47. MIN - ***Minutes 02/18/2022 Extra Text: 02/15/2022 CHANGE OF PLEA - Transaction 8905144 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-18-2022:09:27:03
48. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 02/18/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8905157 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-18-2022:09:29:34
49. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 02/18/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8906319 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-18-2022:13:36:55
50. 2550 - Notice of Hearing 02/08/2022 Extra Text: NOTICE OF AUDIO/VISUAL HEARING (CHANGE OF PLEA HEARING: 2/15/22) - Transaction 8885304 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-08-2022:08:00:46
51. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 02/08/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8886890 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-08-2022:14:46:17
52. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 02/08/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8885306 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-08-2022:08:01:36
53. 1476 - Current Supervision for this Case 02/08/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8886880 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-08-2022:14:45:13
54. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 02/01/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8873961 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-01-2022:11:46:45
55. 1785 - Guilty Plea Memo/Agreement 02/01/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8873956 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 02-01-2022:11:45:33
56. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 01/27/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8866282 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-27-2022:13:21:40
57. 1250E - Application for Setting eFile 01/27/2022 Extra Text: Transaction 8866278 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-27-2022:13:20:37
58. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 10/01/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8676489 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 10-01-2021:09:35:06
59. 3870 - Request 10/01/2021 Extra Text: REQUEST FOR DISCOVERY PURSUANT TO NRS 174.245 - Transaction 8676382 - Approved By: YVILORIA : 10-01-2021:09:33:35
60. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/17/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8447453 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-17-2021:10:18:40
61. 3696 - Pre-Trial Order 05/17/2021 Extra Text: FIRST AMENDED PRETRIAL ORDER - Transaction 8447446 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-17-2021:10:17:41
62. 1250E - Application for Setting eFile 05/13/2021 Extra Text: TRIAL FLIGHT 20 BEGINNING 3/7/22; MTC 2/16/22 AT 4:00 PM IN DEPT 9 (3 DAYS) - Transaction 8442274 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-13-2021:06:16:53
63. 2683 - Ord Addressing Stipulation 05/13/2021 Extra Text: ORDER DENYING REQUEST TO MODIFY PRETRIAL RELEASE CONDITIONS - Transaction 8443533 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-13-2021:13:53:13
64. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/13/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8443540 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-13-2021:13:54:10
65. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/13/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8442276 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-13-2021:06:17:46
66. 4050 - Stipulation ... 05/11/2021 Extra Text: to Modify Pretrial Release Conditions - Transaction 8438759 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-11-2021:13:37:20
67. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/11/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8438762 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-11-2021:13:38:20
68. 4045 - Stipulation to Continuance 05/06/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8430930 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-06-2021:10:16:27
69. 2610 - Notice ... 05/06/2021 Extra Text: CONSENT TO CONTINUE TRIAL - Transaction 8430710 - Approved By: CSULEZIC : 05-06-2021:09:31:40
70. 3020 - Ord Granting Continuance 05/06/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8431563 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-06-2021:13:24:30
71. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/06/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8430743 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-06-2021:09:32:36
72. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/06/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8430933 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-06-2021:10:19:00
73. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/06/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8431568 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-06-2021:13:25:30
74. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 05/04/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8425836 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-04-2021:09:37:52
75. 4050 - Stipulation ... 05/04/2021 Extra Text: Discovery Stipulation - Transaction 8425830 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 05-04-2021:09:36:43
76. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 01/12/2021 Extra Text: Transaction 8241828 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-12-2021:09:29:01
77. 4185 - Transcript 01/12/2021 Extra Text: Arraignment 11-12-20 - Transaction 8241826 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 01-12-2021:09:28:02
78. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 12/02/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8185922 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 12-02-2020:12:45:39
79. MIN - ***Minutes 12/02/2020 Extra Text: 11/12/2020 - ARRAIGNMENT - Transaction 8185918 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 12-02-2020:12:44:51
80. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/19/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8169401 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-19-2020:11:17:16
81. 3696 - Pre-Trial Order 11/19/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8169397 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-19-2020:11:16:15
82. 1250E - Application for Setting eFile 11/13/2020 Extra Text: TRIAL FLIGHT 13 BEGINNING 8/23/21; MTC 8/4/21 AT 4:00 PM IN DEPT 9 (3 DAYS) - Transaction 8161851 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-13-2020:16:40:34
83. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/13/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8161857 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-13-2020:16:42:44
84. 1280 - ** 60 Day Rule - Waived 11/12/2020 Extra Text:
85. 4265 - Waiver of Preliminary Exam 11/10/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8155712 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-10-2020:11:12:11
86. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/10/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8155721 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-10-2020:11:13:27
87. 1476 - Current Supervision for this Case 11/09/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8154368 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-09-2020:15:23:42
88. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/09/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8154372 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-09-2020:15:24:30
89. 2550 - Notice of Hearing 11/05/2020 Extra Text: NOTICE OF AUDIO/VISUAL HEARING (11/12/2020) - Transaction 8149005 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-05-2020:12:00:39
90. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 11/05/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8149007 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 11-05-2020:12:01:39
91. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 09/29/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8090803 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 09-29-2020:12:06:56
92. 3020 - Ord Granting Continuance 09/29/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8090800 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 09-29-2020:12:05:55
93. 4045 - Stipulation to Continuance 09/28/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8088854 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 09-28-2020:14:48:51
94. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 09/28/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8088859 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 09-28-2020:14:49:51
95. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/26/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8038110 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-26-2020:11:37:09
96. 3020 - Ord Granting Continuance 08/26/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8038099 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-26-2020:11:35:50
97. 1476 - Current Supervision for this Case 08/25/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8036259 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-25-2020:13:34:34
98. BAIL - **Bailbond Posted 08/25/2020 Extra Text: Bond ID: AB20-139913; Total Bond Amount: $15,000.00. Bond Code, BAIL, Receipted for: HEISKANEN (TN), TODD JULIUS, on 25-AUG-2020 in the amount of $15,000.00 on case ID CR20-0976.
99. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/25/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8036265 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-25-2020:13:35:34
100. 1491 - Pretrl Srvcs Assessment Report 08/24/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8033302 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-24-2020:10:32:51
101. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/24/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8033286 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-24-2020:10:30:25
102. 4045 - Stipulation to Continuance 08/24/2020 Extra Text: STIPULATION TO CONTINUE Transaction 8033282 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-24-2020:10:29:26
103. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/24/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8033314 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-24-2020:10:33:47
104. 3700 - Proceedings 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8031773 - Approved By: SHIGGINB : 08-21-2020:13:51:25
105. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8030892 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-21-2020:08:39:14
106. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8031926 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-21-2020:13:52:25
107. NEF - Proof of Electronic Service 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8031962 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-21-2020:14:01:31
108. 1800 - Information 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8030889 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-21-2020:08:38:12
109. 2587 - Notice of Setting 08/21/2020 Extra Text: 08/27/2020 @ 3:00 PM - OUT OF CUSTODY ARRAIGNMENT - Transaction 8031956 - Approved By: NOREVIEW : 08-21-2020:14:00:32
110. 2522 - Notice of Bindover 08/21/2020 Extra Text: Transaction 8031773 - Approved By: SHIGGINB : 08-21-2020:13:51:25
111. 3843 - Request for Early Case Assignment 03/25/2020 Extra Text: CASE ASSIGNED TO D1 DUE TO ODOJ - Transaction 7808448 - Approved By: CAGUILAR : 03-25-2020:09:54:55
The District Court is comprised of 16 departments. Each Judge sits in a differently numbered Department. When a Judge leaves service, the new Judge's name replaces the former Judge's name on all matters pending and previously closed in that department. This change will not reflect that a previous sitting Judge presided over a matter.